Engaging de facto authorities & armed groups on cultural heritage protection in Syria
Jonathan Rider, Christopher Rider, Ashley Jackson & Pascal Bongard
Palmyra in 2009 (Credit: Christopher Rider)
This case study explores cultural heritage protection in Syria, focusing on the complex dynamics of engaging with Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), a group that has transitioned from insurgency to de facto authority. Drawing on interviews and literature review, the paper examines how attitudes toward cultural heritage shifted as HTS sought to consolidate governance and legitimacy. It highlights how heritage protection can serve as a pragmatic entry point for dialogue in politically sensitive contexts and contribute to peacebuilding, reconciliation, and post-conflict recovery. The study also outlines practical recommendations for supporting Syrian-led heritage efforts and integrating cultural protection into broader reconstruction planning. As Syria enters a new political era, cultural heritage engagement may offer a rare opportunity for inclusive and sustainable recovery.
